The purpose of the current research was to investigate the obstacles to the implementation of school-based Management in Iran's educational System based on the interpretive structural modeling approach. The research method was a modeling study. The statistical population of the research was specifically the academic staff members of the university, 25 of whom were purposefully selected from the desired cases. The data collection tool was a researcher-made self-interactive questionnaire. In order to measure and evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the criterion of content validity was used. The content validity of the questionnaire was 0.96. The data analysis was done with interpretive structural modeling method. The results of the research showed that 9 factors play a role as barriers to school-oriented Management. Also, the results showed that financial obstacles (the cost of school-oriented Management), socio-cultural obstacles and political obstacles (political focus on schools by the central government) as key independent variables have high influence power and low dependence. Also, the results showed that the lack of belief in the professional competence of school administrators, the lack of infrastructure facilities, the emphasis of upper Management on the supervision and control of schools, and the lack of cooperation of local communities with school-based Management as the linking variables with the greatest power of influence and the greatest power of dependence. and the centralism in the education System of the country and the lack of legal powers to school managers and staff as dependent variables have high dependency power and low influence power.

Backgrond: One of the concerns faced by dentists is the reliability of tooth shade selection. The present research was carried out concerning the increase in patients’ expectation of beauty and the importance of conformity in restorative materials for success in beauty restorations and also due to the lack of suffecient research in this field. The current study was performed to determine the reliability of tooth shade selection done by the students of semesters 11-10 using vita Classic System at Tehran Islamic Azad University, School of dentistry, in 2015. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out on 60 students of dentistry who had no Colorblindness. Ishihara Color-blindness test was taken from all of the students and then they were asked to choose the Color of patients’ left maxillary central incisor using four vita Classic shade guide kits with unknown codes. In order to unify the condition, the patient was asked to brush her teeth and remove her makeup. The light was assimilated using “ day light” device made in Taiwan and also tooth shade selection test was done in 30 centimeters distance from the patients and no time limitation. A grey screen was used to prevent eyestrain. After 10 days, the experiment was repeated with similar conditions. Results: The reliability of shade selection in students (R) was 0. 96 or %96 and the congruency (R² ) was 81 percent. Also, %65 of excellent reliability and %24 of good reliability and 8 moderate reliability and %3 of low reliability was observed among the residents. Relevant factors like gender, wearing glasses, and academic semester were not observed to be statistically significant (p<0. 2). Conclusion: It saems the there is a high reliability of shade selection in students and it does not have any relationship with other factors.

New public Management is a new branch of Management that has focused on promoting Management science aspects. This idea is based on presenting new patterns to design frameworks in administrative System and achieving a developing administrative law. The main question that was raised and examined in this article is how the capacities and applicable models in the Iranian administrative System can be evaluated in order to apply the new public Management model. In the Iranian administrative law System, the new public Management doctrine can be seen at both levels of policy making and executive layer. For instance, the emphasis of the General Policies of Article 44 of the Iranian Constitution on the decentralization and privatization of the economy has not only stopped at the normative and regulatory stage, but has been extended to institutionalization. As the Competition Council is a clear example, it is an important actor in the development of new public Management and market regulation. The executive level can be seen in administrative regulations, especially the Civil Service Management Act. Also, according to the third principle of the Constitution to creating a proper administrative System and eliminating unnecessary organization, understanding the new public Management can lead to structural-normative reform in the Iranian administrative law System.

In this paper, we propose a wavelet based watermarking System. The System uses wavelet transform for red, green and blues channel independently. We use space-time coding for encoding the watermark message before data embedding.The bit-error-rate of the recovered message is calculated. The embedding factor is selected in such a way that the host video maintains the same quality with/without using space-time coding. The developed System is further examined, when host video faces compression and noise addition. The result shows the effectiveness of the proposed watermarking System, especially when space-time coding is used.